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When a company commits a crime, who actually answers for it, the corporation, its directors, or the individual who acted? In this Global Law Experts roundtable, three criminal and white-collar practitioners compare how Pakistan, Italy and Panama assign corporate and individual criminal liability, run cross-border investigations, handle disclosure and evidence, and respond to financial-crime enforcement in 2026.
The through-line: each of these systems is moving past the idea that a corporate structure can shield the people behind it. Whether through Pakistan’s lifting of the corporate veil, Italy’s compliance-programme defence, or Panama’s beneficial-ownership registry, liability increasingly follows control and real benefit, not just the name on the company.
Chapters:
0:00 Introductions and the panel
5:18 Question 1: corporate versus individual criminal liability
6:21 Pakistan: layered statutes and lifting the corporate veil
14:35 Italy: the 2001 reform and the compliance-programme defence
19:18 Panama: the legal representative and the beneficial-ownership registry
24:58 Question 2: cross-border investigations and enforcement
25:29 Pakistan: mutual legal assistance after FATF
32:16 Italy: enforcing asset-recovery and evidence requests from abroad
36:21 Panama: how treaties cut cooperation from years to months
41:00 Question 3: defence strategy and evidentiary challenges
41:33 Pakistan: due process, disclosure and chain of custody
47:45 Italy: why the case is won or lost in the courtroom
50:55 Panama: reserved investigations and late access to the file
55:05 Question 4: regulatory scrutiny and financial-crime enforcement
55:37 Pakistan: overlapping anti-money-laundering laws
59:17 Italy: when a company’s internal investigation incriminates it
62:25 Panama: anti-fraud audits, crypto and AI
66:32 Question 5: risk, reputation and future trends
67:03 Pakistan: AI-generated evidence and reputational risk
70:40 Panama: asset-forfeiture laws and ownership transparency
73:15 Closing thoughts
Panel:
Asma Hamid, Pakistan
Alessandro Gentiloni Silveri, Italy
Mijail Castillo Rivera, Panama
Hosted by Jenny, Global Law Experts.
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